Primary energy use, per unit of GDP by country
Primary energy use divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
199
Highest
0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Lowest
0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP
Ireland
Median
0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP
Years covered
61
1965–2025
Data points
9,384
What the numbers show
Primary energy use, per unit of GDP is currently reported for 199 countries. The highest value is 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP in Iran, Islamic Republic of; the lowest is 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP in Ireland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 46.
Over the past decade 43 countries rose and 156 fell. The largest increase was in Lao People's Democratic Republic (up 243.2%), and the largest decrease in Eritrea, The State of (down 73.2%).
Primary energy use, per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 51.8% | falling |
| 2 | Turkmenistan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.8% | volatile |
| 4 | Venezuela, República Bolivariana de | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 16.1% | volatile |
| 5 | Bhutan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 152.4% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain, Kingdom of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 7 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 243.2% | volatile |
| 8 | Libya | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.7% | falling |
| 9 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 10 | Oman | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 11 | Uzbekistan, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 15.4% | volatile |
| 12 | Tajikistan, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Brunei Darussalam | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 42.0% | rising |
| 14 | Russian Federation | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.4% | volatile |
| 15 | Belarus, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 28.7% | volatile |
| 16 | Kuwait | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 18.0% | volatile |
| 17 | South Africa | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Mongolia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 19 | Ukraine | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 72.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Kyrgyz Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 54.4% | volatile |
| 21 | Egypt, Arab Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 22 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 24 | Yemen, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2018 | down 15.6% | falling |
| 25 | Qatar | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Malaysia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 27 | Algeria | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 28 | Iraq | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 29 | Lebanon | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 44.2% | falling |
| 30 | India | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 31 | Mozambique, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 32 | Saudi Arabia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 33 | Azerbaijan, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 18.1% | volatile |
| 34 | United Arab Emirates | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.3% | volatile |
| 35 | Vietnam | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.6% | falling |
| 36 | Thailand | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 30.1% | falling |
| 37 | Tunisia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 11.8% | falling |
| 38 | Equatorial Guinea, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 66.7% | volatile |
| 39 | China, People's Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 40 | Naoero, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 41 | Suriname | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 16.9% | volatile |
| 42 | Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 70.8% | rising |
| 43 | Indonesia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.2% | volatile |
| 44 | Iceland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 49.5% | volatile |
| 45 | Pakistan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 46 | American Samoa | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 31.4% | falling |
| 47 | Bolivia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 48 | Georgia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Nigeria | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 137.2% | volatile |
| 50 | Zambia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 98.1% | volatile |
| 51 | United States Virgin Islands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 28.5% | volatile |
| 52 | Moldova, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 55.8% | volatile |
| 53 | Korea | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.3% | volatile |
| 54 | Armenia, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 44.8% | volatile |
| 55 | Myanmar | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Cambodia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 51.0% | flat |
| 57 | Serbia, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 38.3% | falling |
| 58 | Seychelles | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 41.2% | falling |
| 59 | Jordan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.3% | falling |
| 60 | Mauritania, Islamic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.7% | volatile |
| 61 | Fiji, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 25.4% | falling |
| 62 | Singapore | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Palestine | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.1% | falling |
| 64 | Lesotho, Kingdom of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 65 | New Caledonia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.0% | volatile |
| 66 | Zimbabwe | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Jamaica | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.5% | volatile |
| 68 | Mauritius | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 5.9% | falling |
| 69 | Congo, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 70 | Senegal | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 71 | Honduras | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 72 | Ecuador | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.1% | falling |
| 73 | Morocco | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 74 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 42.2% | volatile |
| 75 | Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 76 | Bulgaria | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 65.4% | volatile |
| 77 | Philippines | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Benin | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 79 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 31.6% | volatile |
| 80 | Malta | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 35.3% | falling |
| 81 | Canada | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 82 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.1% | volatile |
| 83 | Eswatini, Kingdom of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 11.9% | volatile |
| 84 | Montenegro | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 85 | Tonga | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 86 | Namibia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 87 | Brazil | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 14.9% | volatile |
| 88 | Ghana | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.9% | falling |
| 89 | Nicaragua | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 90 | El Salvador | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 91 | Belize | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 92 | Sudan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 93 | Burundi | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 93.4% | flat |
| 94 | Argentina | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.2% | volatile |
| 95 | Botswana | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 96 | Türkiye | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.6% | volatile |
| 97 | Grenada | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 98 | Samoa | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 99 | Bangladesh | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 37.1% | rising |
| 100 | Paraguay | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 35.8% | falling |
| 101 | Nepal | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 102 | Panama | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Togo | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 104 | Mexico | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 34.1% | volatile |
| 105 | Aruba | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 106 | Chile | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Slovak Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 43.0% | volatile |
| 108 | Cabo Verde | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Dominican Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.4% | volatile |
| 110 | Dominica | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 111 | Maldives | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 53.9% | falling |
| 112 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 26.3% | rising |
| 113 | Mali | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 42.8% | rising |
| 114 | Colombia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.8% | volatile |
| 115 | Burkina Faso | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 116 | Czechia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 57.2% | volatile |
| 117 | Estonia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 62.9% | volatile |
| 118 | Papua New Guinea | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 16.0% | volatile |
| 119 | Poland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 53.2% | volatile |
| 120 | Kiribati | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.1% | falling |
| 121 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 122 | Vanuatu | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 27.9% | volatile |
| 123 | Japan | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 10.1% | volatile |
| 124 | Hungary | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 49.7% | volatile |
| 125 | Greece | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 31.1% | volatile |
| 126 | St. Lucia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 127 | Eritrea, The State of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 73.2% | volatile |
| 128 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 7.9% | falling |
| 129 | Sierra Leone | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 51.2% | volatile |
| 130 | New Zealand | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.4% | volatile |
| 131 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 132 | Comoros, Union of the | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 61.5% | rising |
| 133 | Angola | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 45.3% | volatile |
| 134 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 1.2% | falling |
| 135 | Gambia, The | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 47.9% | falling |
| 136 | Albania | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 51.1% | volatile |
| 137 | Peru | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Finland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.1% | volatile |
| 139 | Madagascar, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 140 | Sri Lanka | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.5% | volatile |
| 141 | French Polynesia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 32.1% | falling |
| 142 | São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 56.6% | falling |
| 143 | Barbados | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 144 | Faroe Islands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 145 | Guatemala | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 18.4% | falling |
| 146 | Bahamas, The | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Guinea | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 26.5% | rising |
| 148 | Cuba | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 61.1% | volatile |
| 149 | Slovenia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 47.4% | falling |
| 150 | Croatia, Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 44.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Australia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 25.1% | volatile |
| 152 | Solomon Islands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 153 | United States | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.0% | volatile |
| 154 | Djibouti | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 54.6% | volatile |
| 155 | Belgium | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 40.5% | volatile |
| 156 | Guam | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 19.3% | volatile |
| 157 | Gabon | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 24.9% | falling |
| 158 | Greenland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 159 | Cyprus | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 45.1% | volatile |
| 160 | Kenya | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 161 | Malawi | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.1% | falling |
| 162 | Spain | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 163 | France | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 36.7% | volatile |
| 164 | Romania | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 61.7% | volatile |
| 165 | Puerto Rico | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.1% | volatile |
| 166 | Niger | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 167 | Guinea-Bissau | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 50.2% | falling |
| 168 | Central African Republic | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 55.4% | falling |
| 169 | Sweden | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 29.5% | volatile |
| 170 | Latvia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 54.1% | volatile |
| 171 | Liberia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 55.4% | volatile |
| 172 | Guyana | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 66.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Lithuania | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 55.8% | volatile |
| 174 | Netherlands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 49.5% | volatile |
| 175 | Cameroon | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 33.1% | falling |
| 176 | Uruguay | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 13.8% | volatile |
| 177 | Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 39.1% | volatile |
| 178 | Portugal | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 50.9% | volatile |
| 179 | Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 36.2% | falling |
| 180 | Italy | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 35.4% | volatile |
| 181 | Uganda | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 182 | Norway | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 23.7% | volatile |
| 183 | Somalia | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 184 | Germany | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 47.3% | volatile |
| 185 | Austria | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 38.2% | volatile |
| 186 | Rwanda | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 0.5% | volatile |
| 187 | Costa Rica | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 34.9% | volatile |
| 188 | Israel | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 47.9% | volatile |
| 189 | Cayman Islands | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 190 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 45.5% | volatile |
| 191 | United Kingdom | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 42.0% | volatile |
| 192 | Chad | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 70.1% | volatile |
| 193 | Luxembourg | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 52.4% | volatile |
| 194 | Denmark | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 46.5% | volatile |
| 195 | Haiti | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 62.3% | falling |
| 196 | Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 28.1% | volatile |
| 197 | Bermuda | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 43.5% | volatile |
| 198 | Switzerland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 41.0% | volatile |
| 199 | Ireland | 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 59.0% | volatile |
How this figure is calculated
Primary energy use divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Primary energy use ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Primary energy use Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Primary energy use divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.