Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina
Argentina: Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate was -2.02 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
Argentina recorded -2.02 % change on previous year for sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in 2022.
The figure is down 113.1% on the previous year and down 134.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina peaked at 94.66 % change on previous year in 1889 and was at its lowest, -50.5 % change on previous year, in 1917.
That places Argentina 192nd out of 219 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.7936 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.7866 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1753 | 0.7805 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1754 | 0.7737 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1755 | 0.7671 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1756 | 0.7612 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1757 | 0.7555 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1758 | 0.7491 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1759 | 0.7429 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1760 | 0.7374 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1761 | 0.7907 % change on previous year | +7.2% |
| 1762 | 0.7839 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1763 | 0.7778 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1764 | 0.7718 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1765 | 0.7646 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1766 | 0.7588 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1767 | 0.7524 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1768 | 0.7468 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1769 | 0.74 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1770 | 0.7345 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1771 | 0.7886 % change on previous year | +7.4% |
| 1772 | 0.7812 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1773 | 0.7752 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1774 | 0.768 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1775 | 0.7621 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1776 | 0.7558 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1777 | 0.7501 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1778 | 0.7433 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1779 | 0.7378 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1780 | 0.7319 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1781 | 0.7846 % change on previous year | +7.2% |
| 1782 | 0.7785 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1783 | 0.7719 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1784 | 0.7654 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1785 | 0.759 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1786 | 0.7527 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1787 | 0.7466 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1788 | 0.7405 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1789 | 0.7345 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1790 | 0.7286 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1791 | 0.7814 % change on previous year | +7.3% |
| 1792 | 0.7749 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1793 | 0.7684 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1794 | 0.762 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1795 | 0.7552 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1796 | 0.7495 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1797 | 0.7429 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1798 | 0.7369 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1799 | 0.7315 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1800 | 0.7247 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1801 | 0.7779 % change on previous year | +7.3% |
| 1802 | 0.7714 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1803 | 0.7645 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1804 | 0.7577 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1805 | 0.7521 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1806 | 0.7455 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1807 | 0.739 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1808 | 0.7331 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1809 | 0.7273 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1810 | 0.7216 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 1811 | 2.73 % change on previous year | +278.4% |
| 1812 | 2.66 % change on previous year | -2.8% |
| 1813 | 2.58 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1814 | 2.52 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1815 | 2.45 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1816 | 2.39 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1817 | 2.33 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1818 | 2.28 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1819 | 2.23 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1820 | 2.18 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1821 | 2.73 % change on previous year | +25.3% |
| 1822 | 2.65 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1823 | 2.58 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1824 | 2.51 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1825 | 2.45 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1826 | 2.39 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1827 | 2.33 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1828 | 2.27 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1829 | 2.22 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1830 | 2.17 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1831 | 2.72 % change on previous year | +25.4% |
| 1832 | 2.65 % change on previous year | -2.8% |
| 1833 | 2.57 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1834 | 2.51 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1835 | 2.44 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1836 | 2.38 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1837 | 2.32 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1838 | 2.27 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1839 | 2.22 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1840 | 2.17 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1841 | 2.72 % change on previous year | +25.4% |
| 1842 | 2.64 % change on previous year | -2.8% |
| 1843 | 2.57 % change on previous year | -2.7% |
| 1844 | 2.5 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1845 | 2.44 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1846 | 2.38 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 1847 | 2.32 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1848 | 2.26 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1849 | 2.21 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1850 | -3.12 % change on previous year | -241.1% |
| 1851 | 5.44 % change on previous year | -274.6% |
| 1852 | 5.17 % change on previous year | -5.0% |
| 1853 | 4.92 % change on previous year | -4.8% |
| 1854 | 4.7 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 1855 | 4.5 % change on previous year | -4.3% |
| 1856 | 6.34 % change on previous year | +40.9% |
| 1857 | 6.01 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1858 | 4.85 % change on previous year | -19.4% |
| 1859 | 4.63 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 1860 | 4.87 % change on previous year | +5.2% |
| 1861 | 6.01 % change on previous year | +23.4% |
| 1862 | 5.69 % change on previous year | -5.3% |
| 1863 | 5.41 % change on previous year | -5.0% |
| 1864 | 5.15 % change on previous year | -4.7% |
| 1865 | 4.96 % change on previous year | -3.7% |
| 1866 | 6.13 % change on previous year | +23.5% |
| 1867 | 5.79 % change on previous year | -5.4% |
| 1868 | 5.22 % change on previous year | -9.9% |
| 1869 | 5.05 % change on previous year | -3.2% |
| 1870 | 4.97 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1871 | 6.5 % change on previous year | +30.8% |
| 1872 | 5.73 % change on previous year | -11.9% |
| 1873 | 5.43 % change on previous year | -5.2% |
| 1874 | 5.16 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1875 | 4.93 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 1876 | 6.01 % change on previous year | +21.9% |
| 1877 | 5.68 % change on previous year | -5.4% |
| 1878 | 5.39 % change on previous year | -5.2% |
| 1879 | 5.12 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1880 | 4.89 % change on previous year | -4.6% |
| 1881 | 6.1 % change on previous year | +24.9% |
| 1882 | 5.76 % change on previous year | -5.7% |
| 1883 | 5.48 % change on previous year | -4.7% |
| 1884 | 5.21 % change on previous year | -5.0% |
| 1885 | 4.96 % change on previous year | -4.8% |
| 1886 | 6.19 % change on previous year | +24.7% |
| 1888 | -17.41 % change on previous year | -381.4% |
| 1889 | 94.66 % change on previous year | -643.6% |
| 1890 | -21.53 % change on previous year | -122.7% |
| 1891 | -30.82 % change on previous year | +43.1% |
| 1892 | 46.42 % change on previous year | -250.6% |
| 1893 | 12.03 % change on previous year | -74.1% |
| 1894 | 27.84 % change on previous year | +131.4% |
| 1895 | 13.46 % change on previous year | -51.6% |
| 1896 | 1.85 % change on previous year | -86.3% |
| 1897 | -9.44 % change on previous year | -610.2% |
| 1898 | 12.72 % change on previous year | -234.7% |
| 1899 | 24 % change on previous year | +88.7% |
| 1900 | -28.59 % change on previous year | -219.1% |
| 1901 | 15.97 % change on previous year | -155.9% |
| 1902 | 8.88 % change on previous year | -44.4% |
| 1903 | -1.81 % change on previous year | -120.4% |
| 1904 | 27.21 % change on previous year | -1601.9% |
| 1905 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -96.2% |
| 1906 | 58.01 % change on previous year | +5439.5% |
| 1907 | 1.36 % change on previous year | -97.7% |
| 1908 | 24.69 % change on previous year | +1716.7% |
| 1909 | -19.13 % change on previous year | -177.5% |
| 1910 | 51.03 % change on previous year | -366.8% |
| 1911 | 9.21 % change on previous year | -81.9% |
| 1912 | -6.24 % change on previous year | -167.7% |
| 1913 | 4.23 % change on previous year | -167.8% |
| 1914 | -15.76 % change on previous year | -472.4% |
| 1915 | -21.01 % change on previous year | +33.3% |
| 1916 | -27.93 % change on previous year | +32.9% |
| 1917 | -50.5 % change on previous year | +80.8% |
| 1918 | 10.17 % change on previous year | -120.1% |
| 1919 | 38.26 % change on previous year | +276.1% |
| 1920 | 43.17 % change on previous year | +12.9% |
| 1921 | -4.83 % change on previous year | -111.2% |
| 1922 | 24.6 % change on previous year | -609.5% |
| 1923 | 15.3 % change on previous year | -37.8% |
| 1924 | 24.55 % change on previous year | +60.4% |
| 1925 | -1.12 % change on previous year | -104.6% |
| 1926 | -5.21 % change on previous year | +364.2% |
| 1927 | 20.92 % change on previous year | -501.5% |
| 1928 | -4.34 % change on previous year | -120.7% |
| 1929 | 4.03 % change on previous year | -193.0% |
| 1930 | 2.33 % change on previous year | -42.1% |
| 1931 | -7.48 % change on previous year | -420.5% |
| 1932 | -3.63 % change on previous year | -51.4% |
| 1933 | -1.72 % change on previous year | -52.6% |
| 1934 | 6.51 % change on previous year | -478.4% |
| 1935 | -0.6906 % change on previous year | -110.6% |
| 1936 | 6.01 % change on previous year | -970.0% |
| 1937 | 9.17 % change on previous year | +52.7% |
| 1938 | -4.31 % change on previous year | -147.0% |
| 1939 | 3.27 % change on previous year | -175.8% |
| 1940 | -14.5 % change on previous year | -543.4% |
| 1941 | -17.92 % change on previous year | +23.6% |
| 1942 | -8.16 % change on previous year | -54.5% |
| 1943 | 4.34 % change on previous year | -153.2% |
| 1944 | 3.36 % change on previous year | -22.5% |
| 1945 | 5.33 % change on previous year | +58.6% |
| 1946 | 6.3 % change on previous year | +18.2% |
| 1947 | 0.6203 % change on previous year | -90.2% |
| 1948 | 18.48 % change on previous year | +2878.8% |
| 1949 | -15.93 % change on previous year | -186.2% |
| 1950 | -1.67 % change on previous year | -89.5% |
| 1951 | 13.93 % change on previous year | -933.4% |
| 1952 | -9.08 % change on previous year | -165.2% |
| 1953 | -10.03 % change on previous year | +10.5% |
| 1954 | 3.09 % change on previous year | -130.8% |
| 1955 | 1.22 % change on previous year | -60.4% |
| 1956 | 10.44 % change on previous year | +754.1% |
| 1957 | 4.39 % change on previous year | -57.9% |
| 1958 | -6.26 % change on previous year | -242.6% |
| 1959 | 9.5 % change on previous year | -251.7% |
| 1960 | -1.3 % change on previous year | -113.7% |
| 1961 | 0.024 % change on previous year | -101.8% |
| 1962 | -0.0157 % change on previous year | -165.6% |
| 1963 | -8.1 % change on previous year | +51403.2% |
| 1964 | 8.57 % change on previous year | -205.9% |
| 1965 | 3.03 % change on previous year | -64.7% |
| 1966 | 2.99 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1967 | 3.66 % change on previous year | +22.1% |
| 1968 | 3.76 % change on previous year | +2.8% |
| 1969 | 12.96 % change on previous year | +244.5% |
| 1970 | 7.11 % change on previous year | -45.1% |
| 1971 | 13.26 % change on previous year | +86.5% |
| 1972 | -0.9578 % change on previous year | -107.2% |
| 1973 | -4.42 % change on previous year | +361.2% |
| 1974 | 0.7264 % change on previous year | -116.4% |
| 1975 | 1.5 % change on previous year | +106.8% |
| 1976 | 0.4363 % change on previous year | -71.0% |
| 1977 | 2.55 % change on previous year | +484.7% |
| 1978 | -0.9069 % change on previous year | -135.5% |
| 1979 | 5.21 % change on previous year | -674.5% |
| 1980 | -17.72 % change on previous year | -440.2% |
| 1981 | -4.99 % change on previous year | -71.8% |
| 1982 | 5.84 % change on previous year | -216.9% |
| 1983 | 2.65 % change on previous year | -54.5% |
| 1984 | -1.87 % change on previous year | -170.6% |
| 1985 | -12.92 % change on previous year | +589.1% |
| 1986 | 7.09 % change on previous year | -154.9% |
| 1987 | 13.02 % change on previous year | +83.6% |
| 1988 | -7.6 % change on previous year | -158.4% |
| 1989 | -0.19 % change on previous year | -97.5% |
| 1990 | -9.38 % change on previous year | +4836.9% |
| 1991 | 4.62 % change on previous year | -149.2% |
| 1992 | 3 % change on previous year | -35.0% |
| 1993 | -3.28 % change on previous year | -209.3% |
| 1994 | -2.7 % change on previous year | -17.8% |
| 1995 | -2.69 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1996 | 7.16 % change on previous year | -365.5% |
| 1997 | 0.9815 % change on previous year | -86.3% |
| 1998 | 7.1 % change on previous year | +623.8% |
| 1999 | -1.4 % change on previous year | -119.7% |
| 2000 | -3.86 % change on previous year | +176.5% |
| 2001 | -12.58 % change on previous year | +225.8% |
| 2002 | -8.2 % change on previous year | -34.8% |
| 2003 | 5.16 % change on previous year | -163.0% |
| 2004 | 16.95 % change on previous year | +228.3% |
| 2005 | 15.24 % change on previous year | -10.1% |
| 2006 | -16.14 % change on previous year | -205.9% |
| 2007 | 12.45 % change on previous year | -177.1% |
| 2008 | 7.09 % change on previous year | -43.1% |
| 2009 | -11.76 % change on previous year | -266.0% |
| 2010 | 20.27 % change on previous year | -272.3% |
| 2011 | 10.34 % change on previous year | -49.0% |
| 2012 | 5.95 % change on previous year | -42.5% |
| 2013 | -4.45 % change on previous year | -174.7% |
| 2014 | -1.94 % change on previous year | -56.3% |
| 2015 | -9.78 % change on previous year | +403.4% |
| 2016 | -6.17 % change on previous year | -37.0% |
| 2017 | -12.83 % change on previous year | +108.0% |
| 2018 | -11.69 % change on previous year | -8.9% |
| 2019 | -15.4 % change on previous year | +31.7% |
| 2020 | -14.07 % change on previous year | -8.6% |
| 2021 | 15.45 % change on previous year | -209.9% |
| 2022 | -2.02 % change on previous year | -113.1% |
Argentina compared with similar countries
- Argentina's -2.02 % change on previous year is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 0.3243 % change on previous year. (57 countries reporting)
- Argentina's -2.02 % change on previous year is below the median for Latin America & Caribbean, which is -0.9969 % change on previous year, 2.0× the median. (41 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | -51403.2% | -0.0157 % change on previous year | -8.1 % change on previous year |
| 1906 | +5439.5% | 1.05 % change on previous year | 58.01 % change on previous year |
| 1990 | -4836.9% | -0.19 % change on previous year | -9.38 % change on previous year |
| 1948 | +2878.8% | 0.6203 % change on previous year | 18.48 % change on previous year |
| 1908 | +1716.7% | 1.36 % change on previous year | 24.69 % change on previous year |
| 1904 | +1601.9% | -1.81 % change on previous year | 27.21 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.7678 % change on previous year | 0.7429 % change on previous year | 0.7936 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.7624 % change on previous year | 0.7374 % change on previous year | 0.7907 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.7597 % change on previous year | 0.7345 % change on previous year | 0.7886 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.7565 % change on previous year | 0.7319 % change on previous year | 0.7846 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 0.7531 % change on previous year | 0.7286 % change on previous year | 0.7814 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 0.7493 % change on previous year | 0.7247 % change on previous year | 0.7779 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 2.29 % change on previous year | 0.7216 % change on previous year | 2.73 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 2.43 % change on previous year | 2.18 % change on previous year | 2.73 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 2.43 % change on previous year | 2.17 % change on previous year | 2.72 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 2.42 % change on previous year | 2.17 % change on previous year | 2.72 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 4.34 % change on previous year | -3.12 % change on previous year | 6.34 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 5.43 % change on previous year | 4.87 % change on previous year | 6.13 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 5.49 % change on previous year | 4.93 % change on previous year | 6.5 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 12.87 % change on previous year | -17.41 % change on previous year | 94.66 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1890s | 7.65 % change on previous year | -30.82 % change on previous year | 46.42 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 8.76 % change on previous year | -28.59 % change on previous year | 58.01 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | -0.8551 % change on previous year | -50.5 % change on previous year | 51.03 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 11.71 % change on previous year | -5.21 % change on previous year | 43.17 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 0.9466 % change on previous year | -7.48 % change on previous year | 9.17 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | -1.81 % change on previous year | -17.92 % change on previous year | 18.48 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 1.55 % change on previous year | -10.03 % change on previous year | 13.93 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 2.56 % change on previous year | -8.1 % change on previous year | 12.96 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.45 % change on previous year | -4.42 % change on previous year | 13.26 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | -1.67 % change on previous year | -17.72 % change on previous year | 13.02 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | 0.3413 % change on previous year | -9.38 % change on previous year | 7.16 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.4344 % change on previous year | -16.14 % change on previous year | 16.95 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | -2.57 % change on previous year | -15.4 % change on previous year | 20.27 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.2107 % change on previous year | -14.07 % change on previous year | 15.45 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Argentina
- 189 United States -1.53 % change on previous year compare
- 190 Dominican Republic -1.67 % change on previous year compare
- 191 Mexico -1.78 % change on previous year compare
- 193 Honduras -2.3 % change on previous year compare
- 194 Suriname -2.34 % change on previous year compare
- 195 Peru -2.52 % change on previous year compare
More energy & mining data for Argentina
- Fossil fuel consumption by fuel, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2025)
- Fossil fuel consumption by fuel, per unit of GDP 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Primary energy use, annual growth rate -1.19 % change on previous year (2025)
- Coal consumption, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2025)
- Coal consumption, per unit of GDP 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Primary energy use, per unit of GDP 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Primary energy use, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2025)
- Coal production, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Coal production, per unit of GDP 0 terawatt-hours per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Fuel imports 6.2% (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina?
- Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Argentina was -2.02 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate recorded in Argentina?
- The highest recorded value was 94.66 % change on previous year in 1889.
- What is the lowest sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate recorded in Argentina?
- The lowest recorded value was -50.5 % change on previous year in 1917.
- How does Argentina rank for sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate?
- Argentina ranks 192nd out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate rising or falling in Argentina?
- Over the last ten years it is down 134.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Argentina data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 271 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in Sulphur dioxide and coal. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- Coal consumption and sulphur dioxide emissions Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in Sulphur dioxide and coal. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.