Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar
Gibraltar: Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate was 14.01 % change on previous year in 2022. ◆ Volatile
Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar, 1751–2022
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
Gibraltar recorded 14.01 % change on previous year for sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in 2022.
That represents a change of up 41.9% on the previous year and up 416.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar peaked at 33.48 % change on previous year in 1948 and was at its lowest, -69.41 % change on previous year, in 2020.
Gibraltar ranks 41st of 219 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1751 | 0.5715 % change on previous year | — |
| 1752 | 0.5683 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1753 | 0.565 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1754 | 0.5615 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1755 | 0.5587 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1756 | 0.5556 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1757 | 0.5526 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1758 | 0.5492 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1759 | 0.5465 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1760 | 0.5436 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1761 | 0.5714 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1762 | 0.5682 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1763 | 0.565 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1764 | 0.5618 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1765 | 0.5586 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1766 | 0.5555 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1767 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1768 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1769 | 0.5467 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1770 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1771 | 0.5714 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1772 | 0.5682 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1773 | 0.565 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1774 | 0.5618 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1775 | 0.5586 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1776 | 0.5555 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1777 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1778 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1779 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1780 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1781 | 0.5714 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1782 | 0.5682 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1783 | 0.565 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1784 | 0.5618 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1785 | 0.5587 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1786 | 0.5556 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1787 | 0.5525 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1788 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1789 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1790 | 0.5435 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1791 | 0.5716 % change on previous year | +5.2% |
| 1792 | 0.5681 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1793 | 0.5649 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1794 | 0.562 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1795 | 0.5586 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1796 | 0.5555 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1797 | 0.5527 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1798 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1799 | 0.5464 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1800 | 0.5436 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1801 | 0.5713 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1802 | 0.5681 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1803 | 0.5651 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1804 | 0.5617 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1805 | 0.5586 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1806 | 0.5557 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1807 | 0.5524 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1808 | 0.5494 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1809 | 0.5466 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1810 | 0.5434 % change on previous year | -0.6% |
| 1811 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +111.5% |
| 1812 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1813 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1814 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1815 | 1.1 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1816 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1817 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1818 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1819 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1820 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1821 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +10.3% |
| 1822 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1823 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1824 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1825 | 1.1 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1826 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1827 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1828 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1829 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1830 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1831 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +10.3% |
| 1832 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1833 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1834 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1835 | 1.1 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1836 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1837 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1838 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1839 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1840 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1841 | 1.15 % change on previous year | +10.3% |
| 1842 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1843 | 1.12 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1844 | 1.11 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1845 | 1.1 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1846 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1847 | 1.08 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1848 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1849 | 1.05 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1850 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1851 | 2.38 % change on previous year | +128.4% |
| 1852 | 2.35 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1853 | 2.32 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1854 | 2.29 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1855 | 2.26 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1856 | 2.24 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1857 | 2.21 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 1858 | 2.18 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1859 | 2.15 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 1860 | 2.13 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1861 | 2.1 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 1862 | 8.85 % change on previous year | +322.0% |
| 1863 | 8.83 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1864 | 8.8 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1865 | 8.77 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1866 | 8.75 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1867 | -2.24 % change on previous year | -125.6% |
| 1868 | -2.26 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1869 | -2.28 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1870 | -2.31 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1871 | -2.33 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1872 | -2.35 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1873 | -2.37 % change on previous year | +0.8% |
| 1874 | -2.39 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1875 | -2.4 % change on previous year | +0.8% |
| 1876 | -2.42 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1877 | -2.44 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1878 | -2.46 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1879 | -2.47 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 1880 | -2.49 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 1881 | -2.5 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 1882 | -0.6395 % change on previous year | -74.4% |
| 1883 | -0.6529 % change on previous year | +2.1% |
| 1884 | -0.6656 % change on previous year | +1.9% |
| 1885 | -0.6775 % change on previous year | +1.8% |
| 1886 | -0.6886 % change on previous year | +1.6% |
| 1887 | 6.1 % change on previous year | -985.6% |
| 1888 | 6.09 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1889 | 6.08 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 1890 | 6.07 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1891 | 6.06 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1892 | -0.2399 % change on previous year | -104.0% |
| 1893 | -0.2457 % change on previous year | +2.4% |
| 1894 | -0.2507 % change on previous year | +2.0% |
| 1895 | -0.253 % change on previous year | +0.9% |
| 1896 | -0.2563 % change on previous year | +1.3% |
| 1897 | -0.2754 % change on previous year | +7.4% |
| 1898 | -0.277 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 1899 | -0.2769 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1900 | -0.275 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1901 | -0.2527 % change on previous year | -8.1% |
| 1902 | -0.0569 % change on previous year | -77.5% |
| 1903 | -0.0534 % change on previous year | -6.2% |
| 1904 | -0.0481 % change on previous year | -10.0% |
| 1905 | -0.0427 % change on previous year | -11.1% |
| 1906 | -0.0365 % change on previous year | -14.5% |
| 1907 | -3.13 % change on previous year | +8476.3% |
| 1908 | -3.12 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1909 | -3.11 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1910 | -3.1 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1911 | -3.09 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1912 | -4.32 % change on previous year | +40.1% |
| 1913 | -4.31 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 1914 | -22.51 % change on previous year | +422.4% |
| 1915 | 18.08 % change on previous year | -180.3% |
| 1916 | -18.74 % change on previous year | -203.6% |
| 1917 | -8.39 % change on previous year | -55.2% |
| 1918 | -1.85 % change on previous year | -77.9% |
| 1919 | -1.83 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1920 | 6.11 % change on previous year | -433.5% |
| 1921 | 6.85 % change on previous year | +12.0% |
| 1922 | -2.22 % change on previous year | -132.5% |
| 1923 | -2.2 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1924 | -2.18 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1925 | -2.16 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 1926 | -3.68 % change on previous year | +70.4% |
| 1927 | -3.66 % change on previous year | -0.7% |
| 1928 | 6.2 % change on previous year | -269.7% |
| 1929 | -2.71 % change on previous year | -143.7% |
| 1930 | 11.86 % change on previous year | -537.3% |
| 1931 | 11.89 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 1932 | -8.9 % change on previous year | -174.8% |
| 1933 | -8.86 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1934 | -8.82 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1935 | -8.77 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 1936 | 17.13 % change on previous year | -295.4% |
| 1937 | 17.18 % change on previous year | +0.3% |
| 1938 | -1.22 % change on previous year | -107.1% |
| 1939 | -1.2 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1940 | 0.3041 % change on previous year | -125.4% |
| 1941 | 0.3256 % change on previous year | +7.1% |
| 1942 | 0.3444 % change on previous year | +5.8% |
| 1943 | 0.3631 % change on previous year | +5.4% |
| 1944 | 0.3814 % change on previous year | +5.0% |
| 1945 | 0.3995 % change on previous year | +4.7% |
| 1946 | 0.4174 % change on previous year | +4.5% |
| 1947 | 0.4347 % change on previous year | +4.1% |
| 1948 | 33.48 % change on previous year | +7603.0% |
| 1949 | -19 % change on previous year | -156.7% |
| 1951 | 16.74 % change on previous year | -188.1% |
| 1952 | -37.97 % change on previous year | -326.8% |
| 1953 | 0.1074 % change on previous year | -100.3% |
| 1954 | 0.1153 % change on previous year | +7.3% |
| 1955 | 0.1024 % change on previous year | -11.2% |
| 1956 | 0.0703 % change on previous year | -31.3% |
| 1957 | 0.0706 % change on previous year | +0.4% |
| 1958 | 0.0718 % change on previous year | +1.7% |
| 1959 | 0.0721 % change on previous year | +0.4% |
| 1960 | 0.0947 % change on previous year | +31.3% |
| 1961 | 0.0656 % change on previous year | -30.7% |
| 1962 | 7.76 % change on previous year | +11728.2% |
| 1963 | -7.05 % change on previous year | -190.9% |
| 1964 | 15.43 % change on previous year | -318.7% |
| 1965 | -13.24 % change on previous year | -185.8% |
| 1966 | 15.47 % change on previous year | -216.9% |
| 1967 | 13.41 % change on previous year | -13.3% |
| 1968 | 5.95 % change on previous year | -55.7% |
| 1969 | 0.0515 % change on previous year | -99.1% |
| 1970 | 5.58 % change on previous year | +10740.6% |
| 1972 | 3.6 % change on previous year | -35.4% |
| 1973 | 6.98 % change on previous year | +93.9% |
| 1974 | -1.33 % change on previous year | -119.1% |
| 1975 | -0.383 % change on previous year | -71.2% |
| 1976 | 2.75 % change on previous year | -817.3% |
| 1977 | 2.29 % change on previous year | -16.5% |
| 1978 | 2.96 % change on previous year | +28.9% |
| 1979 | 2.9 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1980 | -2 % change on previous year | -169.0% |
| 1981 | -1.29 % change on previous year | -35.7% |
| 1982 | 2.34 % change on previous year | -281.7% |
| 1983 | 3.7 % change on previous year | +58.3% |
| 1984 | 2.63 % change on previous year | -29.1% |
| 1985 | 3.53 % change on previous year | +34.6% |
| 1986 | 4.17 % change on previous year | +17.9% |
| 1987 | 4.7 % change on previous year | +12.9% |
| 1988 | 5.07 % change on previous year | +7.7% |
| 1989 | 2.07 % change on previous year | -59.1% |
| 1990 | 0.8416 % change on previous year | -59.4% |
| 1991 | -1.25 % change on previous year | -249.0% |
| 1992 | 0.187 % change on previous year | -114.9% |
| 1993 | 1.93 % change on previous year | +930.9% |
| 1994 | 4.08 % change on previous year | +111.7% |
| 1995 | 2.93 % change on previous year | -28.1% |
| 1996 | 2.58 % change on previous year | -11.9% |
| 1997 | 6.12 % change on previous year | +136.9% |
| 1998 | 20.1 % change on previous year | +228.3% |
| 1999 | 5.14 % change on previous year | -74.4% |
| 2000 | 1.34 % change on previous year | -73.9% |
| 2001 | 10.25 % change on previous year | +664.1% |
| 2002 | 6.76 % change on previous year | -34.0% |
| 2003 | 19.65 % change on previous year | +190.6% |
| 2004 | -4.99 % change on previous year | -125.4% |
| 2005 | 12.27 % change on previous year | -345.8% |
| 2006 | -6.35 % change on previous year | -151.7% |
| 2007 | 1.32 % change on previous year | -120.8% |
| 2008 | -4.96 % change on previous year | -475.6% |
| 2009 | 5.07 % change on previous year | -202.3% |
| 2010 | -3.07 % change on previous year | -160.6% |
| 2011 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -134.4% |
| 2012 | -4.42 % change on previous year | -518.8% |
| 2013 | -11.25 % change on previous year | +154.3% |
| 2014 | -4.85 % change on previous year | -56.9% |
| 2015 | 1.64 % change on previous year | -133.9% |
| 2016 | 6.78 % change on previous year | +312.5% |
| 2017 | 12.03 % change on previous year | +77.4% |
| 2018 | -2.7 % change on previous year | -122.5% |
| 2019 | 1.96 % change on previous year | -172.6% |
| 2020 | -69.41 % change on previous year | -3641.7% |
| 2021 | 9.87 % change on previous year | -114.2% |
| 2022 | 14.01 % change on previous year | +41.9% |
Gibraltar compared with similar countries
- Gibraltar's 14.01 % change on previous year is above the median for high income countries, which is 1.15 % change on previous year, 12.2× the median. (78 countries reporting)
- Gibraltar's 14.01 % change on previous year is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.9045 % change on previous year, 15.5× the median. (52 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | +11728.2% | 0.0656 % change on previous year | 7.76 % change on previous year |
| 1970 | +10740.6% | 0.0515 % change on previous year | 5.58 % change on previous year |
| 1907 | -8476.3% | -0.0365 % change on previous year | -3.13 % change on previous year |
| 1948 | +7603.0% | 0.4347 % change on previous year | 33.48 % change on previous year |
| 2020 | -3641.7% | 1.96 % change on previous year | -69.41 % change on previous year |
| 1887 | +985.6% | -0.6886 % change on previous year | 6.1 % change on previous year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750s | 0.5588 % change on previous year | 0.5465 % change on previous year | 0.5715 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1760s | 0.5573 % change on previous year | 0.5436 % change on previous year | 0.5714 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1770s | 0.5572 % change on previous year | 0.5435 % change on previous year | 0.5714 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1780s | 0.5572 % change on previous year | 0.5435 % change on previous year | 0.5714 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1790s | 0.5572 % change on previous year | 0.5435 % change on previous year | 0.5716 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1800s | 0.5573 % change on previous year | 0.5436 % change on previous year | 0.5713 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1810s | 1.04 % change on previous year | 0.5434 % change on previous year | 1.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 1.09 % change on previous year | 1.04 % change on previous year | 1.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 1.09 % change on previous year | 1.04 % change on previous year | 1.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 1.09 % change on previous year | 1.04 % change on previous year | 1.15 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 2.14 % change on previous year | 1.04 % change on previous year | 2.38 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 4.14 % change on previous year | -2.28 % change on previous year | 8.85 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | -2.39 % change on previous year | -2.47 % change on previous year | -2.31 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 0.995 % change on previous year | -2.5 % change on previous year | 6.1 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 1.01 % change on previous year | -0.277 % change on previous year | 6.07 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | -1.01 % change on previous year | -3.13 % change on previous year | -0.0365 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | -5.01 % change on previous year | -22.51 % change on previous year | 18.08 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 0.0347 % change on previous year | -3.68 % change on previous year | 6.85 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 2.03 % change on previous year | -8.9 % change on previous year | 17.18 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 1.75 % change on previous year | -19 % change on previous year | 33.48 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | -2.29 % change on previous year | -37.97 % change on previous year | 16.74 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1960s | 3.79 % change on previous year | -13.24 % change on previous year | 15.47 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.82 % change on previous year | -1.33 % change on previous year | 6.98 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1980s | 2.49 % change on previous year | -2 % change on previous year | 5.07 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | 4.27 % change on previous year | -1.25 % change on previous year | 20.1 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | 4.04 % change on previous year | -6.35 % change on previous year | 19.65 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.283 % change on previous year | -11.25 % change on previous year | 12.03 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | -15.18 % change on previous year | -69.41 % change on previous year | 14.01 % change on previous year | 3 |
Countries ranked near Gibraltar
- 38 Togo 15.22 % change on previous year compare
- 39 Gabon 14.84 % change on previous year compare
- 40 Zimbabwe 14.09 % change on previous year compare
- 42 Malta 13.9 % change on previous year compare
- 43 Netherlands 12.74 % change on previous year compare
- 44 Belgium 11.96 % change on previous year compare
More energy & mining data for Gibraltar
- Fossil fuel consumption by fuel, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Coal consumption, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Coal production, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Gas production 0 terawatt-hours (2024)
- Fossil fuel production per person, by fuel 0 kilowatt-hours per person (2024)
- Fossil fuel production by fuel 0 terawatt-hours (2024)
- Gas production per person 0 kilowatt-hours per person (2024)
- Fossil fuel production by fuel, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Gas production, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
- Coal production, per capita 0 terawatt-hours per person (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar?
- Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate in Gibraltar was 14.01 % change on previous year in 2022, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate recorded in Gibraltar?
- The highest recorded value was 33.48 % change on previous year in 1948.
- What is the lowest sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate recorded in Gibraltar?
- The lowest recorded value was -69.41 % change on previous year in 2020.
- How does Gibraltar rank for sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate?
- Gibraltar ranks 41st out of 219 countries with data for 2022.
- Is sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate rising or falling in Gibraltar?
- Over the last ten years it is up 416.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Gibraltar data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Sulphur dioxide and coal, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 270 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in Sulphur dioxide and coal. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- Coal consumption and sulphur dioxide emissions Hoesly et al. (2024) – Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in Sulphur dioxide and coal. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.