Energy self-reliance by country
Countries reporting
27
Highest
64.6%
Estonia
Lowest
1.8%
Malta
Median
31.5%
Years covered
35
1990–2024
Data points
945
What the numbers show
Energy self-reliance is currently reported for 27 countries. The highest value is 64.6% in Estonia; the lowest is 1.8% in Malta.
The median across all reporting countries is 31.5%, and the mean is 31.7%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 35.
Over the past decade 15 countries rose and 12 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 215.5%), and the largest decrease in Netherlands (down 59.6%).
Energy self-reliance: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estonia | 64.6% | 2024 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 2 | Romania | 55.4% | 2024 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 3 | Finland | 53.1% | 2024 | up 32.2% | rising |
| 4 | Sweden | 52.3% | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 5 | Czechia | 49.9% | 2024 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 6 | France | 48.3% | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 7 | Poland | 46.8% | 2024 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 8 | Latvia | 45.5% | 2024 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 9 | Bulgaria | 44.1% | 2024 | down 9.2% | rising |
| 10 | Hungary | 37.8% | 2024 | up 4.6% | falling |
| 11 | Austria | 37.7% | 2024 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 12 | Slovakia | 33.7% | 2024 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 13 | Slovenia | 32.3% | 2024 | down 19.3% | falling |
| 14 | Denmark | 31.5% | 2024 | down 34.2% | falling |
| 15 | Croatia | 28.4% | 2024 | down 28.6% | falling |
| 16 | Portugal | 28.1% | 2024 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 17 | Germany | 27.7% | 2024 | down 15.8% | falling |
| 18 | Spain | 24.5% | 2024 | up 9.5% | falling |
| 19 | Italy | 21.2% | 2024 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 20 | Ireland | 18.7% | 2024 | up 36.4% | falling |
| 21 | Lithuania | 16.2% | 2024 | up 31.0% | falling |
| 22 | Belgium | 14.2% | 2024 | up 6.7% | falling |
| 23 | Greece | 12.0% | 2024 | down 43.7% | falling |
| 24 | Netherlands | 10.3% | 2024 | down 59.6% | falling |
| 25 | Cyprus | 9.9% | 2024 | up 94.0% | volatile |
| 26 | Luxembourg | 9.2% | 2024 | up 165.9% | volatile |
| 27 | Malta | 1.8% | 2024 | up 215.5% | volatile |