Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita by country
Subsidies are pre-tax and for both the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Production subsidies reduce the cost of producing coal, oil or gas. Consumption subsidies cut fuel prices for the final consumer, for example by fixing the price at the gas pump so that it is cheaper than the market rate. The data is...
Countries reporting
185
Highest
2,536 usd
Qatar
Lowest
0 usd
Montserrat
Median
16.71 usd
Years covered
12
2010–2021
Data points
2,082
What the numbers show
Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita is currently reported for 185 countries. The highest value is 2,536 usd in Qatar; the lowest is 0 usd in Montserrat.
The median across all reporting countries is 16.71 usd, and the mean is 133.86 usd.
Over the past decade 41 countries rose and 71 fell. The largest increase was in Niger (up 48,300.0%), and the largest decrease in Botswana (down 100.0%).
Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 2,536 usd | 2021 | down 17.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Kuwait | 1,950 usd | 2021 | down 29.6% | falling |
| 3 | United Arab Emirates | 1,865 usd | 2021 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 4 | Bahrain | 1,610 usd | 2021 | down 14.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Saudi Arabia | 1,139 usd | 2021 | down 51.4% | falling |
| 6 | Turkmenistan | 1,067 usd | 2021 | down 30.5% | falling |
| 7 | Libya | 849.45 usd | 2021 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 8 | Venezuela | 744.74 usd | 2021 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 9 | Iran | 670.2 usd | 2021 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 10 | Brunei | 655.96 usd | 2021 | down 49.2% | volatile |
| 11 | Kazakhstan | 619.7 usd | 2021 | up 19.3% | falling |
| 12 | Lebanon | 614.76 usd | 2020 | up 122.9% | rising |
| 13 | Trinidad and Tobago | 602.53 usd | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 14 | Algeria | 533.69 usd | 2021 | up 14.8% | falling |
| 15 | Ireland | 497.42 usd | 2020 | down 14.3% | flat |
| 16 | Aruba | 424.89 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 17 | Uzbekistan | 381.93 usd | 2021 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 18 | Australia | 359.5 usd | 2021 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 19 | Bulgaria | 353.33 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 20 | Suriname | 323.83 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 21 | Belgium | 323.03 usd | 2021 | up 23.6% | rising |
| 22 | Finland | 272.82 usd | 2021 | up 40.6% | rising |
| 23 | Denmark | 259 usd | 2021 | down 0.6% | rising |
| 24 | Sweden | 255.82 usd | 2021 | down 24.6% | falling |
| 25 | Iraq | 248.66 usd | 2021 | down 46.9% | falling |
| 26 | Egypt | 247.5 usd | 2021 | down 17.8% | falling |
| 27 | Argentina | 225.23 usd | 2021 | up 19.0% | falling |
| 28 | Italy | 209.6 usd | 2021 | up 26.0% | rising |
| 29 | Greece | 203.41 usd | 2021 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 30 | Russia | 199.65 usd | 2021 | up 272.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Lithuania | 194.76 usd | 2021 | up 192.6% | rising |
| 32 | Switzerland | 190.64 usd | 2021 | down 38.7% | falling |
| 33 | Mexico | 185 usd | 2021 | up 25.4% | volatile |
| 34 | Slovakia | 170.68 usd | 2021 | up 348.0% | volatile |
| 35 | Bahamas | 155.37 usd | 2020 | — | rising |
| 36 | France | 154.14 usd | 2021 | up 61.6% | rising |
| 37 | Palestine | 141.53 usd | 2020 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 38 | Israel | 134.86 usd | 2021 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 39 | Antigua and Barbuda | 130.76 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 40 | Austria | 108.81 usd | 2021 | down 25.6% | falling |
| 41 | Maldives | 107.64 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 42 | Bolivia | 103.4 usd | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 43 | Latvia | 100.65 usd | 2021 | down 8.8% | falling |
| 44 | Chile | 99.33 usd | 2021 | up 177.7% | rising |
| 45 | Angola | 94.68 usd | 2021 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 46 | Germany | 94.27 usd | 2021 | down 39.8% | falling |
| 47 | Hong Kong | 93.78 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 48 | Malaysia | 90.37 usd | 2021 | down 59.5% | volatile |
| 49 | Ecuador | 85.08 usd | 2021 | down 74.1% | volatile |
| 50 | Croatia | 84.41 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 51 | Canada | 83.6 usd | 2021 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 52 | Netherlands | 80.77 usd | 2021 | up 164.1% | volatile |
| 53 | Colombia | 79.28 usd | 2021 | up 61.0% | falling |
| 54 | Tajikistan | 69.23 usd | 2020 | up 322.4% | rising |
| 55 | Portugal | 62.17 usd | 2021 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 56 | Slovenia | 61.34 usd | 2021 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 57 | South Africa | 60.8 usd | 2021 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 58 | Indonesia | 54.53 usd | 2021 | down 56.2% | falling |
| 59 | Kyrgyzstan | 53.31 usd | 2020 | down 14.1% | falling |
| 60 | Cyprus | 52.23 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 62 | Sri Lanka | 49.38 usd | 2021 | up 21.7% | volatile |
| 63 | Turkey | 47.97 usd | 2021 | up 228.8% | rising |
| 64 | Sudan | 47.64 usd | 2020 | up 69.4% | volatile |
| 65 | Mauritania | 47.39 usd | 2020 | up 431.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Vietnam | 46.61 usd | 2021 | up 10.9% | volatile |
| 67 | East Timor | 45.28 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 68 | Bangladesh | 44.36 usd | 2021 | up 11.8% | volatile |
| 69 | Serbia | 42.29 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 70 | Romania | 39.29 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 71 | Czechia | 38.76 usd | 2021 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 72 | United Kingdom | 38.04 usd | 2020 | down 51.9% | falling |
| 73 | North Macedonia | 37.78 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 74 | Ukraine | 37.52 usd | 2021 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 75 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 37.18 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 76 | Oman | 35.92 usd | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 77 | Pakistan | 35.69 usd | 2021 | down 37.7% | volatile |
| 78 | Spain | 35.46 usd | 2021 | down 52.1% | falling |
| 79 | Mauritius | 35.36 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 80 | Papua New Guinea | 35.27 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 81 | Brazil | 33.54 usd | 2021 | down 80.7% | volatile |
| 82 | Thailand | 33.26 usd | 2021 | down 64.1% | volatile |
| 83 | Estonia | 31.61 usd | 2021 | down 68.1% | falling |
| 84 | Poland | 30.22 usd | 2021 | down 17.1% | falling |
| 85 | South Korea | 28.77 usd | 2021 | down 24.7% | falling |
| 86 | Tunisia | 28.62 usd | 2020 | down 18.5% | falling |
| 87 | United States | 28.16 usd | 2021 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 88 | Japan | 26.1 usd | 2021 | up 13.7% | falling |
| 89 | Nigeria | 24.73 usd | 2021 | down 36.0% | volatile |
| 90 | Hungary | 24.58 usd | 2021 | down 49.6% | falling |
| 91 | Moldova | 24.19 usd | 2021 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 92 | Gabon | 20.87 usd | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 93 | China | 17.37 usd | 2021 | up 6.3% | falling |
| 94 | Costa Rica | 16.71 usd | 2021 | up 21.0% | rising |
| 95 | Ghana | 16.59 usd | 2021 | up 173.3% | volatile |
| 96 | Azerbaijan | 15.43 usd | 2021 | down 69.2% | volatile |
| 97 | Sao Tome and Principe | 12.22 usd | 2020 | up 92.7% | volatile |
| 98 | Belarus | 12.19 usd | 2021 | down 26.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Jordan | 11.71 usd | 2020 | down 80.1% | volatile |
| 100 | Myanmar | 11.28 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 101 | Paraguay | 11.27 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 102 | Benin | 10.46 usd | 2020 | down 19.8% | volatile |
| 103 | Zambia | 9.99 usd | 2020 | down 88.9% | volatile |
| 104 | Togo | 7.75 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 105 | Mongolia | 5.7 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 106 | Georgia | 5.17 usd | 2021 | up 192.1% | volatile |
| 107 | Honduras | 5.07 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 108 | Niger | 4.84 usd | 2020 | up 48,300.0% | volatile |
| 109 | Ethiopia | 4.83 usd | 2020 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 110 | Peru | 4.65 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 111 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4.64 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 112 | Madagascar | 4.1 usd | 2020 | up 13.3% | falling |
| 113 | New Zealand | 3.7 usd | 2021 | down 52.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Fiji | 3.46 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 115 | Nicaragua | 3.28 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 116 | India | 3.01 usd | 2021 | down 72.8% | falling |
| 117 | Rwanda | 2.96 usd | 2020 | up 68.2% | volatile |
| 118 | Haiti | 2.77 usd | 2020 | up 2,670.0% | volatile |
| 119 | Morocco | 2.4 usd | 2020 | down 78.3% | volatile |
| 120 | Cameroon | 2.39 usd | 2020 | down 91.8% | volatile |
| 121 | Chad | 2.24 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 122 | Equatorial Guinea | 2.18 usd | 2020 | down 25.9% | volatile |
| 123 | Cambodia | 1.58 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Afghanistan | 1.55 usd | 2020 | up 28.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Bhutan | 1 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 126 | Central African Republic | 0.94 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 127 | Mali | 0.91 usd | 2020 | down 86.4% | volatile |
| 128 | Lesotho | 0.9 usd | 2020 | down 93.2% | volatile |
| 129 | Nauru | 0.82 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 130 | Burkina Faso | 0.69 usd | 2020 | down 85.5% | volatile |
| 131 | Sierra Leone | 0.61 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 132 | Philippines | 0.31 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 133 | Nepal | 0.29 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 134 | Armenia | 0.27 usd | 2021 | down 97.9% | volatile |
| 135 | Luxembourg | 0.23 usd | 2021 | down 99.9% | falling |
| 136 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.21 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 136 | Seychelles | 0.21 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 138 | Jamaica | 0.13 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 139 | Senegal | 0.08 usd | 2020 | down 99.7% | volatile |
| 140 | Dominican Republic | 0.06 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Guyana | 0.06 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Guinea | 0.03 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 142 | Guatemala | 0.03 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 144 | Somalia | 0.01 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 144 | Uganda | 0.01 usd | 2020 | down 99.9% | volatile |
| 144 | Yemen | 0.01 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Burundi | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Belize | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Barbados | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Botswana | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Congo | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Comoros | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Cape Verde | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Dominica | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Eritrea | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Gambia | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Grenada | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Iceland | 0 usd | 2021 | — | flat |
| 147 | Kenya | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Kiribati | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Liberia | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Saint Lucia | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Macao | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Malta | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Montenegro | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Mozambique | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Malawi | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Namibia | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Panama | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Puerto Rico | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Singapore | 0 usd | 2021 | — | flat |
| 147 | Solomon Islands | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | El Salvador | 0 usd | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 147 | South Sudan | 0 usd | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 147 | Eswatini | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Syria | 0 usd | 2017 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Tonga | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Tanzania | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Uruguay | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Vanuatu | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Samoa | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
| 147 | Zimbabwe | 0 usd | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Montserrat | 0 usd | 2020 | — | flat |
About this data
Subsidies are pre-tax and for both the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Production subsidies reduce the cost of producing coal, oil or gas. Consumption subsidies cut fuel prices for the final consumer, for example by fixing the price at the gas pump so that it is cheaper than the market rate. The data is expressed in US dollars, adjusted for inflation.