Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%) by country
Countries reporting
189
Highest
27.8%
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Lowest
-0.1%
Peru
Median
0.2%
Years covered
17
2010–2026
Data points
3,376
What the numbers show
Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%) is currently reported for 189 countries. The highest value is 27.8% in Iran (Islamic Republic of); the lowest is -0.1% in Peru.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.2%, and the mean is 1.2%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 388.
Over the past decade 42 countries rose and 105 fell. The largest increase was in Netherlands (Kingdom of the) (up 13,168.9%), and the largest decrease in Albania (down 100.0%).
Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) … proportion: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 27.8% | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 2 | Turkmenistan | 14.0% | 2024 | down 26.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Uzbekistan | 12.7% | 2024 | down 33.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Algeria | 12.5% | 2024 | down 6.2% | volatile |
| 5 | Libya | 12.2% | 2024 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Azerbaijan | 8.4% | 2024 | up 133.9% | volatile |
| 7 | Iraq | 7.5% | 2024 | up 18.8% | falling |
| 8 | Kuwait | 6.9% | 2024 | down 12.4% | rising |
| 9 | Russia | 6.7% | 2024 | up 127.0% | volatile |
| 9 | Russian Federation | 6.7% | 2024 | up 127.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 5.9% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 12 | Kazakhstan | 5.7% | 2024 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 13 | Egypt | 5.6% | 2024 | down 32.0% | falling |
| 14 | Saudi Arabia | 5.0% | 2024 | down 51.9% | falling |
| 15 | Angola | 4.4% | 2024 | up 33.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Ukraine | 4.4% | 2024 | down 16.7% | volatile |
| 17 | United Arab Emirates | 3.4% | 2024 | down 34.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Colombia | 3.3% | 2024 | up 302.6% | volatile |
| 19 | Trinidad and Tobago | 3.0% | 2024 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 3.0% | 2024 | up 13,168.9% | volatile |
| 21 | Qatar | 2.9% | 2024 | down 39.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Bahrain | 2.7% | 2024 | down 61.7% | volatile |
| 23 | Indonesia | 2.7% | 2024 | down 45.2% | falling |
| 24 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 2.6% | 2024 | down 57.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Brunei | 2.5% | 2024 | down 21.0% | volatile |
| 25 | Brunei Darussalam | 2.5% | 2024 | down 21.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Pakistan | 2.2% | 2024 | down 26.5% | volatile |
| 28 | South Africa | 2.1% | 2024 | up 158.5% | rising |
| 29 | Malaysia | 2.0% | 2024 | up 86.0% | volatile |
| 30 | Croatia | 1.9% | 2024 | up 919.1% | volatile |
| 31 | India | 1.8% | 2024 | down 7.2% | falling |
| 32 | Moldova | 1.8% | 2024 | up 276.8% | volatile |
| 32 | Republic of Moldova | 1.8% | 2024 | up 276.8% | volatile |
| 34 | Ecuador | 1.7% | 2024 | down 69.3% | volatile |
| 35 | Sri Lanka | 1.7% | 2024 | up 286.0% | volatile |
| 36 | Syria | 1.4% | 2024 | down 82.3% | volatile |
| 36 | Syrian Arab Republic | 1.4% | 2024 | down 82.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Argentina | 1.3% | 2024 | down 63.6% | flat |
| 39 | Norway | 1.3% | 2024 | down 60.2% | falling |
| 40 | Lebanon | 1.2% | 2024 | down 74.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Bangladesh | 1.1% | 2024 | down 16.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Mexico | 1.0% | 2024 | up 15.5% | falling |
| 43 | Japan | 0.8% | 2024 | up 930.6% | volatile |
| 44 | Italy | 0.8% | 2023 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 45 | Slovakia | 0.8% | 2021 | up 291.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Portugal | 0.8% | 2024 | up 729.1% | volatile |
| 47 | Vietnam | 0.8% | 2024 | up 63.7% | volatile |
| 47 | Viet Nam | 0.8% | 2024 | up 63.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Czechia | 0.8% | 2024 | up 485.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Ireland | 0.7% | 2024 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 51 | Brazil | 0.7% | 2024 | down 56.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Spain | 0.7% | 2024 | up 265.5% | volatile |
| 53 | Hungary | 0.6% | 2024 | up 109.8% | volatile |
| 54 | Ghana | 0.6% | 2024 | up 848.7% | volatile |
| 55 | Belarus | 0.6% | 2024 | up 33.3% | volatile |
| 56 | Lithuania | 0.6% | 2022 | up 54.2% | rising |
| 57 | Nigeria | 0.6% | 2024 | down 43.9% | volatile |
| 58 | Tunisia | 0.6% | 2024 | down 79.5% | volatile |
| 59 | Latvia | 0.6% | 2024 | down 50.5% | volatile |
| 60 | Australia | 0.5% | 2024 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 61 | Austria | 0.5% | 2024 | up 144.2% | volatile |
| 62 | China | 0.5% | 2024 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 63 | United Kingdom | 0.5% | 2020 | down 32.2% | falling |
| 63 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.5% | 2020 | down 32.2% | falling |
| 65 | Australia and New Zealand | 0.5% | 2024 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 66 | Suriname | 0.4% | 2024 | down 75.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Romania | 0.4% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 68 | Belgium | 0.4% | 2024 | down 5.8% | rising |
| 69 | Finland | 0.4% | 2024 | down 42.9% | falling |
| 70 | Mauritius | 0.4% | 2022 | up 62.3% | volatile |
| 71 | Mongolia | 0.4% | 2024 | up 65.8% | volatile |
| 72 | Germany | 0.4% | 2023 | down 26.2% | falling |
| 73 | Mauritania | 0.4% | 2024 | down 55.2% | falling |
| 74 | Switzerland | 0.3% | 2024 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 75 | Thailand | 0.3% | 2024 | down 27.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.3% | 2024 | down 97.6% | volatile |
| 77 | France | 0.3% | 2024 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 78 | Slovenia | 0.3% | 2023 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 79 | Israel | 0.3% | 2024 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 80 | Oman | 0.3% | 2024 | up 32.9% | volatile |
| 81 | Costa Rica | 0.2% | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 82 | Denmark | 0.2% | 2026 | up 758.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Turkey | 0.2% | 2024 | down 70.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Türkiye | 0.2% | 2024 | down 70.6% | volatile |
| 85 | Morocco | 0.2% | 2024 | down 47.2% | volatile |
| 86 | Maldives | 0.2% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 87 | Chile | 0.2% | 2024 | down 26.3% | volatile |
| 88 | Caribbean | 0.2% | 2024 | down 68.0% | volatile |
| 89 | Mali | 0.2% | 2024 | down 82.7% | volatile |
| 90 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.2% | 2024 | down 44.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Sweden | 0.2% | 2024 | down 53.7% | falling |
| 92 | Canada | 0.2% | 2024 | down 18.6% | falling |
| 93 | Laos | 0.2% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 93 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.2% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 95 | Afghanistan | 0.2% | 2024 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 96 | Tajikistan | 0.1% | 2024 | down 97.0% | volatile |
| 97 | Estonia | 0.1% | 2024 | down 54.0% | volatile |
| 98 | Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2024 | down 99.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Jamaica | 0.1% | 2024 | up 32.8% | volatile |
| 100 | Congo | 0.1% | 2024 | down 97.9% | volatile |
| 101 | Liberia | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 102 | Haiti | 0.1% | 2024 | down 91.2% | volatile |
| 103 | Bulgaria | 0.1% | 2020 | up 66.8% | rising |
| 104 | Paraguay | 0.1% | 2024 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 105 | Burkina Faso | 0.1% | 2024 | down 91.9% | volatile |
| 106 | Jordan | 0.1% | 2024 | down 96.6% | volatile |
| 107 | Niger | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 108 | Somalia | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 109 | Myanmar | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 110 | Armenia | 0.1% | 2020 | down 70.6% | volatile |
| 111 | Belize | 0.1% | 2024 | down 95.8% | volatile |
| 112 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 113 | Malta | 0.1% | 2023 | down 4.7% | flat |
| 114 | Gabon | 0.1% | 2024 | down 93.2% | volatile |
| 115 | South Korea | 0.1% | 2024 | down 51.1% | volatile |
| 115 | Republic of Korea | 0.1% | 2024 | down 51.1% | volatile |
| 117 | Chad | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 118 | Georgia | 0.1% | 2024 | up 24.7% | volatile |
| 119 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 93.6% | volatile |
| 120 | New Zealand | 0.0% | 2024 | up 551.1% | volatile |
| 121 | Zambia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.7% | volatile |
| 122 | Madagascar | 0.0% | 2024 | down 96.1% | volatile |
| 123 | Serbia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Cabo Verde | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.8% | volatile |
| 125 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.6% | volatile |
| 125 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.6% | volatile |
| 127 | Botswana | 0.0% | 2024 | down 96.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Barbados | 0.0% | 2024 | down 79.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Burundi | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 130 | Nicaragua | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.6% | volatile |
| 131 | Guatemala | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.9% | volatile |
| 132 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 133 | Dominica | 0.0% | 2024 | down 70.2% | volatile |
| 134 | Saint Lucia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 135 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | down 48.8% | volatile |
| 136 | Guyana | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.3% | volatile |
| 137 | Cambodia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 138 | Philippines | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 139 | Grenada | 0.0% | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 140 | Ethiopia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.9% | volatile |
| 141 | Cameroon | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.5% | volatile |
| 142 | Rwanda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.5% | volatile |
| 143 | Honduras | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.7% | volatile |
| 144 | United States | 0.0% | 2024 | up 39.5% | falling |
| 145 | Sierra Leone | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 146 | Panama | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.4% | volatile |
| 147 | Montenegro | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 148 | Fiji | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 149 | Mozambique | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 150 | Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 151 | Bhutan | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 152 | Malawi | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.9% | volatile |
| 153 | Poland | 0.0% | 2026 | down 58.3% | falling |
| 154 | Eswatini | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 155 | Namibia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.9% | volatile |
| 156 | Nepal | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 157 | Uganda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.9% | volatile |
| 158 | Polynesia | 0.0% | 2020 | down 60.5% | falling |
| 159 | Melanesia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 96.7% | volatile |
| 160 | Luxembourg | 0.0% | 2021 | down 99.9% | falling |
| 161 | Central African Republic | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 162 | Sudan | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 163 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Aruba | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Albania | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Benin | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Bahamas | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Comoros | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Cyprus | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Djibouti | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Kenya | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Lesotho | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | North Macedonia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Puerto Rico | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | El Salvador | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Seychelles | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Togo | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | East Timor | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Tonga | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Uruguay | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Vanuatu | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Samoa | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | Yemen | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Timor-Leste | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 164 | United Republic of Tanzania | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 203 | Peru | -0.1% | 2023 | up 8.8% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Central Asia 8.2%
- Northern Africa 6.2%
- Central and Southern Asia 4.0%
- Southern Asia 3.7%
- Eastern Europe 3.6%
- Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) 3.6%
- Northern Africa and Western Asia 3.4%
- Western Asia 2.7%
- Africa 2.4%
- Southern Africa 1.9%
- Middle Africa 1.9%
- Northern Europe 1.5%
- Europe 1.4%
- South-eastern Asia 1.3%
- Asia 1.3%
- World 1.3%
- Europe and Northern America 1.3%
- South America 1.2%
- Latin America and the Caribbean 1.0%
- Southern Europe 0.8%
- Central America 0.8%
- Americas 0.8%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.8%
- Western Europe 0.8%
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 0.7%
- Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 0.6%
- Eastern Asia 0.5%
- Western Africa 0.5%
- Oceania 0.4%
- Northern America 0.3%
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 0.1%
- China, Macao Special Administrative Region 0.0%
- Eastern Africa 0.0%
- United States of America 0.0%
- China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 0.0%
- Oceania (exc. Australia and New Zealand) 0.0%