Changes in energy use vs. changes in GDP by country
Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) primary energy use measures domestic energy use minus energy used to produce exported goods, plus energy used to produce imported goods. Gross domestic product (GDP) is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.
What the numbers show
Changes in energy use vs. changes in GDP is currently reported for 43 countries. The highest value is 40,469 terawatt-hours in China; the lowest is 30.77 terawatt-hours in Malta.
The median across all reporting countries is 642.34 terawatt-hours, and the mean is 3,389 terawatt-hours.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 1,315.
Over the past decade 32 countries rose and 11 fell. The largest increase was in Ireland (up 85.3%), and the largest decrease in Cyprus (down 26.3%).
Changes in energy use vs. changes in GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 40,469 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 2 | United States | 32,208 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 14.5% | rising |
| 3 | India | 14,535 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 80.5% | rising |
| 4 | Japan | 6,738 terawatt-hours | 2019 | up 14.6% | falling |
| 5 | Russia | 6,551 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 14.0% | rising |
| 6 | Germany | 4,948 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 4.4% | falling |
| 7 | France | 3,503 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 1.2% | rising |
| 8 | Indonesia | 3,134 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 34.6% | rising |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 3,110 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 5.2% | falling |
| 10 | Canada | 3,098 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 11 | South Korea | 3,065 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 16.8% | rising |
| 12 | Brazil | 2,923 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 5.9% | rising |
| 13 | Mexico | 2,829 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 38.3% | rising |
| 14 | Italy | 2,383 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 9.0% | falling |
| 15 | Turkey | 1,732 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 16 | Spain | 1,581 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 10.6% | flat |
| 17 | Australia | 1,403 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 18 | South Africa | 1,293 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 19 | Netherlands | 1,279 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 20 | Poland | 1,245 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 21 | Belgium | 809.29 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 31.1% | rising |
| 22 | Greece | 642.34 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 23 | Sweden | 578.92 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 24 | Czechia | 565.47 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 25 | Austria | 499.96 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 26 | Romania | 499.59 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 27 | Ireland | 487.65 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 85.3% | rising |
| 28 | Hungary | 476.54 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 24.3% | rising |
| 29 | Switzerland | 461.75 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 30 | Finland | 440.63 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 31 | Norway | 423.85 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 32 | Denmark | 342.52 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 33 | Portugal | 310.1 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 4.9% | falling |
| 34 | Slovakia | 260.48 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 35 | Bulgaria | 196.52 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 11.9% | flat |
| 36 | Lithuania | 137.63 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 33.4% | falling |
| 37 | Croatia | 132.35 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 9.6% | flat |
| 38 | Slovenia | 103.72 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 39 | Luxembourg | 81.87 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 54.5% | rising |
| 40 | Latvia | 80.58 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 22.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Estonia | 79.53 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 33.4% | rising |
| 42 | Cyprus | 49.49 terawatt-hours | 2020 | down 26.3% | rising |
| 43 | Malta | 30.77 terawatt-hours | 2020 | up 9.2% | rising |
About this data
Consumption-based (trade-adjusted) primary energy use measures domestic energy use minus energy used to produce exported goods, plus energy used to produce imported goods. Gross domestic product (GDP) is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.