Mineral rents (% of GDP) by country
Mineral rents are the difference between the value of production for a stock of minerals at world prices and their total costs of production. Minerals included in the calculation are tin, gold, lead, zinc, iron, copper, nickel, silver, bauxite, and phosphate.
Countries reporting
141
Highest
28.8%
Democratic Republic of Congo
Lowest
0.0%
Uganda
Median
0.1%
Years covered
52
1970–2021
Data points
11,690
What the numbers show
Mineral rents (% of GDP) is currently reported for 141 countries. The highest value is 28.8% in Democratic Republic of Congo; the lowest is 0.0% in Uganda.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.1%, and the mean is 2.6%.
Over the past decade 48 countries rose and 77 fell. The largest increase was in Eritrea (up 85,592.8%), and the largest decrease in Austria (down 100.0%).
Mineral rents: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 28.8% | 2021 | up 206.8% | volatile |
| 2 | Zambia | 28.2% | 2021 | up 133.7% | volatile |
| 3 | Mongolia | 26.6% | 2021 | up 89.1% | volatile |
| 4 | Eritrea | 24.6% | 2011 | up 85,592.8% | volatile |
| 5 | New Caledonia | 16.8% | 2021 | up 307.3% | volatile |
| 6 | Chile | 16.2% | 2021 | up 40.8% | volatile |
| 7 | Mali | 16.2% | 2021 | up 153.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Burkina Faso | 15.5% | 2021 | up 118.8% | volatile |
| 9 | Papua New Guinea | 14.4% | 2021 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 10 | Peru | 12.1% | 2021 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 11 | Kyrgyzstan | 11.2% | 2021 | up 19.1% | volatile |
| 12 | Australia | 10.5% | 2021 | up 108.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Mauritania | 9.6% | 2021 | down 55.7% | volatile |
| 14 | Guyana | 9.4% | 2021 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 15 | Kazakhstan | 9.1% | 2021 | up 144.3% | volatile |
| 16 | Uzbekistan | 8.5% | 2021 | up 10.5% | volatile |
| 17 | Tajikistan | 7.1% | 2021 | up 300.9% | volatile |
| 18 | Armenia | 6.8% | 2021 | up 174.8% | volatile |
| 19 | Sudan | 6.6% | 2021 | up 954.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Bolivia | 5.9% | 2021 | up 15.3% | volatile |
| 21 | Liberia | 5.4% | 2021 | down 6.4% | volatile |
| 22 | Ukraine | 5.3% | 2021 | up 54.2% | volatile |
| 23 | Ghana | 5.2% | 2021 | down 5.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Togo | 4.9% | 2021 | down 58.6% | volatile |
| 25 | Brazil | 4.5% | 2021 | up 147.6% | volatile |
| 26 | Zimbabwe | 4.2% | 2021 | up 40.1% | volatile |
| 27 | Tanzania | 4.0% | 2021 | up 26.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Laos | 3.9% | 2021 | down 62.3% | volatile |
| 29 | South Africa | 3.8% | 2021 | up 57.5% | volatile |
| 30 | Panama | 3.6% | 2021 | up 2,438.1% | volatile |
| 31 | Iran | 3.4% | 2021 | up 220.6% | volatile |
| 32 | Namibia | 3.2% | 2021 | up 99.8% | volatile |
| 33 | Senegal | 2.9% | 2021 | up 93.9% | volatile |
| 34 | Nicaragua | 2.7% | 2021 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 35 | Cote d'Ivoire | 2.5% | 2021 | up 282.1% | volatile |
| 36 | Russia | 2.1% | 2021 | up 88.7% | volatile |
| 37 | Dominican Republic | 2.0% | 2021 | up 592.3% | volatile |
| 38 | Myanmar | 2.0% | 2021 | up 325.2% | volatile |
| 39 | Indonesia | 1.9% | 2021 | up 38.5% | volatile |
| 40 | Philippines | 1.5% | 2021 | down 21.6% | volatile |
| 41 | Mexico | 1.4% | 2021 | up 56.5% | volatile |
| 42 | India | 1.3% | 2021 | down 7.6% | volatile |
| 43 | Georgia | 1.3% | 2021 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Canada | 1.2% | 2021 | up 113.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Fiji | 1.1% | 2021 | up 7.4% | volatile |
| 46 | Guatemala | 1.1% | 2021 | up 2.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Sweden | 1.0% | 2021 | down 31.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Colombia | 0.9% | 2021 | up 16.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Niger | 0.8% | 2021 | up 83.0% | volatile |
| 50 | Central African Republic | 0.8% | 2021 | up 1,616.6% | volatile |
| 51 | Serbia | 0.7% | 2021 | up 10.7% | volatile |
| 52 | Turkey | 0.6% | 2021 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 53 | Bulgaria | 0.6% | 2021 | down 27.3% | volatile |
| 54 | Argentina | 0.6% | 2021 | up 12.4% | volatile |
| 55 | Kosovo | 0.5% | 2021 | up 62.1% | volatile |
| 56 | China | 0.5% | 2021 | down 78.1% | volatile |
| 57 | Poland | 0.5% | 2021 | down 89.1% | volatile |
| 58 | Honduras | 0.4% | 2021 | up 33.6% | volatile |
| 59 | Azerbaijan | 0.3% | 2021 | up 199.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Morocco | 0.3% | 2021 | down 96.3% | volatile |
| 61 | Ethiopia | 0.3% | 2021 | down 62.4% | volatile |
| 62 | Cuba | 0.2% | 2020 | down 79.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Botswana | 0.2% | 2021 | down 79.9% | volatile |
| 64 | Sierra Leone | 0.2% | 2021 | down 82.8% | volatile |
| 65 | Albania | 0.2% | 2021 | down 17.7% | volatile |
| 66 | Saudi Arabia | 0.2% | 2021 | up 196.6% | volatile |
| 67 | Portugal | 0.1% | 2021 | up 171.5% | volatile |
| 68 | Mozambique | 0.1% | 2021 | up 714.3% | volatile |
| 69 | Finland | 0.1% | 2021 | down 43.1% | volatile |
| 70 | Venezuela | 0.1% | 2014 | down 57.9% | volatile |
| 71 | Vietnam | 0.1% | 2021 | down 81.9% | volatile |
| 72 | United States | 0.1% | 2021 | down 57.3% | volatile |
| 73 | Spain | 0.1% | 2021 | up 349.7% | volatile |
| 74 | New Zealand | 0.1% | 2021 | down 74.5% | volatile |
| 75 | Bhutan | 0.1% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 76 | Pakistan | 0.1% | 2021 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 77 | Greece | 0.1% | 2021 | down 51.5% | volatile |
| 78 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0% | 2021 | down 96.3% | volatile |
| 79 | Ireland | 0.0% | 2021 | down 40.7% | volatile |
| 80 | Romania | 0.0% | 2021 | down 81.5% | volatile |
| 81 | Gabon | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 82 | Montenegro | 0.0% | 2021 | down 92.1% | volatile |
| 83 | South Sudan | 0.0% | 2015 | — | volatile |
| 84 | Uruguay | 0.0% | 2021 | down 88.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Cyprus | 0.0% | 2021 | down 80.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Slovakia | 0.0% | 2021 | down 33.2% | volatile |
| 87 | Nigeria | 0.0% | 2021 | down 55.7% | volatile |
| 88 | Japan | 0.0% | 2021 | up 105.5% | volatile |
| 89 | Kenya | 0.0% | 2021 | down 92.4% | volatile |
| 90 | Malawi | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 91 | Algeria | 0.0% | 2021 | down 97.6% | volatile |
| 92 | South Korea | 0.0% | 2021 | down 90.8% | volatile |
| 93 | United Kingdom | 0.0% | 2021 | down 75.9% | volatile |
| 94 | Afghanistan | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Austria | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Burundi | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Belgium | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Benin | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Belize | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Switzerland | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Cameroon | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Congo | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Costa Rica | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Czechia | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Germany | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Denmark | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Ecuador | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Egypt | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | France | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Guinea | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Greenland | 0.0% | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Hong Kong | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Croatia | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Haiti | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Hungary | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Iraq | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Israel | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Italy | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Jamaica | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Jordan | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Cambodia | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Sri Lanka | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Luxembourg | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Madagascar | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | North Macedonia | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Malaysia | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Netherlands | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Norway | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Nepal | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Oman | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Rwanda | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Solomon Islands | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | El Salvador | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Suriname | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Eswatini | 0.0% | 2021 | — | volatile |
| 94 | Syria | 0.0% | 2020 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Chad | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Thailand | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Tunisia | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 94 | Uganda | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Low income 6.4%
- European Union 0.1%
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 5.2%
- Euro area 0.0%
- Africa Eastern and Southern 4.3%
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 3.7%
- Latin America & Caribbean 3.6%
- IDA only 3.2%
- Least developed countries 3.1%
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 2.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 2.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2.9%
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 2.9%
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 2.7%
- Pre-demographic dividend 2.4%
- IDA total 2.2%
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.9%
- Africa Western and Central 1.5%
- Early-demographic dividend 1.5%
- IDA & IBRD total 1.4%
- IBRD only 1.3%
- Lower middle income 1.3%
- Low & middle income 1.2%
- Caribbean Small States 1.2%
- Middle income 1.2%
- Upper middle income 1.1%
- South Asia 1.1%
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 1.1%
- Late-demographic dividend 1.1%
- IDA blend 1.1%
- East Asia & Pacific 1.0%
- World 0.8%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 0.8%
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 0.7%
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 0.6%
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.6%
- High income 0.5%
- OECD members 0.5%
- Pacific island small states 0.5%
- Post-demographic dividend 0.4%
About this data
Mineral rents are the difference between the value of production for a stock of minerals at world prices and their total costs of production. Minerals included in the calculation are tin, gold, lead, zinc, iron, copper, nickel, silver, bauxite, and phosphate.