Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP by country

Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%).

Countries reporting
172
Highest
27.8%
Iran
Lowest
-0.1%
Peru
Median
0.2%
Years covered
15
2010–2024
Data points
2,687

What the numbers show

Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP is currently reported for 172 countries. The highest value is 27.8% in Iran; the lowest is -0.1% in Peru.

The median across all reporting countries is 0.2%, and the mean is 1.3%.

The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 397.

Over the past decade 40 countries rose and 95 fell. The largest increase was in Netherlands (up 15,000.0%), and the largest decrease in Albania (down 100.0%).

Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Iran 27.8% 2024 down 0.3% flat
2 Turkmenistan 14.0% 2024 down 26.3% volatile
3 Uzbekistan 12.7% 2024 down 33.6% volatile
4 Algeria 12.4% 2024 down 6.2% volatile
5 Libya 12.2% 2024 up 27.1% volatile
6 Azerbaijan 8.4% 2024 up 134.1% volatile
7 Iraq 7.5% 2024 up 18.9% falling
8 Kuwait 6.9% 2024 down 12.4% rising
9 Russia 6.7% 2024 up 127.0% volatile
10 Venezuela 6.0% 2024 up 258.4% volatile
11 Kazakhstan 5.7% 2024 up 51.5% volatile
12 Egypt 5.6% 2024 down 32.0% falling
13 Palestine 5.1% 2020 up 56.7% rising
14 Saudi Arabia 5.0% 2024 down 51.9% falling
15 Angola 4.4% 2024 up 33.0% volatile
15 Ukraine 4.4% 2024 down 16.7% volatile
17 United Arab Emirates 3.4% 2024 down 34.6% volatile
18 Colombia 3.3% 2024 up 302.5% volatile
19 Trinidad and Tobago 3.0% 2024 down 19.4% volatile
20 Netherlands 3.0% 2024 up 15,000.0% volatile
21 Qatar 2.9% 2024 down 39.5% volatile
22 Bahrain 2.7% 2024 down 61.6% volatile
23 Indonesia 2.7% 2024 down 45.1% falling
24 Bolivia 2.6% 2024 down 57.7% volatile
25 Brunei 2.5% 2024 down 20.9% volatile
26 Pakistan 2.1% 2024 down 26.6% volatile
27 South Africa 2.1% 2024 up 159.3% rising
28 Malaysia 2.0% 2024 up 86.1% volatile
29 Croatia 1.9% 2024 up 926.3% volatile
30 India 1.8% 2024 down 7.1% falling
31 Moldova 1.8% 2024 up 273.5% volatile
32 Ecuador 1.7% 2024 down 69.3% volatile
32 Sri Lanka 1.7% 2024 up 282.2% volatile
34 Syria 1.4% 2024 down 82.2% volatile
35 Argentina 1.3% 2024 down 63.5% flat
36 Norway 1.3% 2024 down 60.1% falling
37 Lebanon 1.2% 2024 down 74.5% volatile
38 Bangladesh 1.1% 2024 down 16.0% volatile
39 Greece 1.1% 2021 down 26.4% falling
40 Mexico 1.0% 2024 up 15.3% falling
41 Italy 0.8% 2023 up 1.2% flat
41 Japan 0.8% 2024 up 962.5% volatile
43 Slovakia 0.8% 2021 up 290.5% volatile
44 Portugal 0.8% 2024 up 710.0% volatile
45 Czechia 0.8% 2024 up 492.3% volatile
45 Vietnam 0.8% 2024 up 63.8% volatile
47 Ireland 0.7% 2024 down 2.6% falling
48 Brazil 0.7% 2024 down 56.1% volatile
49 Spain 0.7% 2024 up 257.9% volatile
50 Hungary 0.6% 2024 up 106.5% volatile
51 Belarus 0.6% 2024 up 34.0% volatile
51 Ghana 0.6% 2024 up 800.0% volatile
51 Lithuania 0.6% 2022 up 53.7% rising
54 Nigeria 0.6% 2024 down 43.5% volatile
55 Tunisia 0.6% 2024 down 79.6% volatile
56 Latvia 0.6% 2024 down 50.9% falling
57 Australia 0.5% 2024 down 5.6% falling
58 Austria 0.5% 2024 up 138.1% volatile
59 China 0.5% 2024 down 4.0% falling
60 United Kingdom 0.5% 2020 down 32.4% falling
61 Romania 0.4% 2024 volatile
61 Suriname 0.4% 2024 down 75.1% volatile
63 Belgium 0.4% 2024 down 6.7% rising
64 Finland 0.4% 2024 down 43.3% falling
64 Mauritius 0.4% 2022 up 65.2% volatile
66 Mongolia 0.4% 2024 up 68.2% volatile
67 Germany 0.4% 2023 down 25.0% falling
68 Mauritania 0.3% 2024 down 55.7% falling
69 Switzerland 0.3% 2024 down 5.6% falling
70 Thailand 0.3% 2024 down 26.7% volatile
71 Kyrgyzstan 0.3% 2024 down 97.6% volatile
72 France 0.3% 2024 up 30.4% volatile
72 Slovenia 0.3% 2023 down 11.8% falling
74 Israel 0.3% 2024 down 3.6% rising
75 Oman 0.3% 2024 up 36.8% volatile
76 Costa Rica 0.2% 2023 up 33.3% rising
76 Denmark 0.2% 2024 up 700.0% volatile
76 Turkey 0.2% 2024 down 70.0% volatile
79 Chile 0.2% 2024 down 25.0% volatile
79 Morocco 0.2% 2024 down 47.5% volatile
79 Maldives 0.2% 2024 volatile
82 Mali 0.2% 2024 down 82.6% volatile
83 Sao Tome and Principe 0.2% 2024 down 45.5% volatile
83 Sweden 0.2% 2024 down 52.6% falling
85 Canada 0.2% 2024 down 15.0% falling
86 Afghanistan 0.2% 2024 up 33.3% volatile
86 Laos 0.2% 2024 volatile
88 Tajikistan 0.1% 2024 down 97.1% volatile
89 Estonia 0.1% 2024 down 55.2% volatile
89 Zimbabwe 0.1% 2024 down 99.0% volatile
91 Congo 0.1% 2024 down 97.9% volatile
91 Haiti 0.1% 2024 down 91.2% volatile
91 Jamaica 0.1% 2024 up 33.3% volatile
91 Liberia 0.1% 2024 volatile
95 Burkina Faso 0.1% 2024 down 91.6% volatile
95 Bulgaria 0.1% 2020 up 57.1% rising
95 Paraguay 0.1% 2024 down 21.4% volatile
98 Jordan 0.1% 2024 down 96.8% volatile
98 Niger 0.1% 2024 volatile
98 Somalia 0.1% 2024 volatile
101 Armenia 0.1% 2020 down 71.0% volatile
101 Belize 0.1% 2024 down 95.8% volatile
101 Guinea-Bissau 0.1% 2024 volatile
101 Malta 0.1% 2023 unchanged flat
101 Myanmar 0.1% 2024 volatile
106 Gabon 0.1% 2024 down 93.3% volatile
107 South Korea 0.1% 2024 down 53.8% volatile
107 Chad 0.1% 2024 volatile
109 Georgia 0.1% 2024 up 25.0% volatile
110 Antigua and Barbuda 0.0% 2024 down 94.0% volatile
110 Cote d'Ivoire 0.0% 2024 down 98.4% volatile
110 Cape Verde 0.0% 2024 down 98.8% volatile
110 Macao 0.0% 2024 volatile
110 Madagascar 0.0% 2024 down 96.0% volatile
110 New Zealand 0.0% 2024 up 300.0% volatile
110 Serbia 0.0% 2024 volatile
110 Zambia 0.0% 2024 down 99.7% volatile
118 Burundi 0.0% 2024 volatile
118 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0% 2024 volatile
118 Barbados 0.0% 2024 down 78.6% volatile
118 Botswana 0.0% 2024 down 97.0% volatile
118 Guatemala 0.0% 2024 down 97.7% volatile
118 Nicaragua 0.0% 2024 down 98.5% volatile
124 Dominica 0.0% 2024 down 75.0% volatile
124 Equatorial Guinea 0.0% 2024 down 50.0% volatile
124 Guyana 0.0% 2024 down 98.4% volatile
124 Cambodia 0.0% 2024 volatile
124 Saint Lucia 0.0% 2024 volatile
129 Cameroon 0.0% 2024 down 99.6% volatile
129 Ethiopia 0.0% 2024 down 99.1% volatile
129 Grenada 0.0% 2024 down 97.7% volatile
129 Honduras 0.0% 2024 down 98.8% volatile
129 Montenegro 0.0% 2024 volatile
129 Panama 0.0% 2024 down 97.8% volatile
129 Philippines 0.0% 2024 volatile
129 Rwanda 0.0% 2024 down 97.6% volatile
129 Senegal 0.0% 2020 down 99.6% volatile
129 Sierra Leone 0.0% 2024 volatile
129 United States 0.0% 2024 unchanged flat
140 Albania 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Benin 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Bahamas 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Democratic Republic of Congo 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Comoros 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Djibouti 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Dominican Republic 0.0% 2020 volatile
140 Fiji 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Guinea 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Hong Kong 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Kenya 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Lesotho 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Luxembourg 0.0% 2021 down 100.0% falling
140 North Macedonia 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Mozambique 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Malawi 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Namibia 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Nepal 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Papua New Guinea 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Sudan 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 El Salvador 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Eswatini 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Seychelles 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Togo 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Tonga 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Tanzania 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Uganda 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
140 Uruguay 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Samoa 0.0% 2024 volatile
140 Yemen 0.0% 2024 down 100.0% volatile
194 Peru -0.1% 2023 up 12.5% volatile

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Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP by country. Statizoid, drawing on United Nations Environment Programme – with minor processing by Our World in Data. Retrieved 22 September 2026, from https://energy.statizoid.com/stat/fossil-fuel-subsidies-gdp/

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About this data

Indicator
Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP
Unit
%
Source
United Nations Environment Programme – with minor processing by Our World in Data
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data)
Coverage
194 places, 2,687 data points, 2010–2024
Last refreshed

Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%).