Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP by country
Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%).
Countries reporting
172
Highest
27.8%
Iran
Lowest
-0.1%
Peru
Median
0.2%
Years covered
15
2010–2024
Data points
2,687
What the numbers show
Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP is currently reported for 172 countries. The highest value is 27.8% in Iran; the lowest is -0.1% in Peru.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.2%, and the mean is 1.3%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 397.
Over the past decade 40 countries rose and 95 fell. The largest increase was in Netherlands (up 15,000.0%), and the largest decrease in Albania (down 100.0%).
Explicit fossil fuel subsidies as a share of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran | 27.8% | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 2 | Turkmenistan | 14.0% | 2024 | down 26.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Uzbekistan | 12.7% | 2024 | down 33.6% | volatile |
| 4 | Algeria | 12.4% | 2024 | down 6.2% | volatile |
| 5 | Libya | 12.2% | 2024 | up 27.1% | volatile |
| 6 | Azerbaijan | 8.4% | 2024 | up 134.1% | volatile |
| 7 | Iraq | 7.5% | 2024 | up 18.9% | falling |
| 8 | Kuwait | 6.9% | 2024 | down 12.4% | rising |
| 9 | Russia | 6.7% | 2024 | up 127.0% | volatile |
| 10 | Venezuela | 6.0% | 2024 | up 258.4% | volatile |
| 11 | Kazakhstan | 5.7% | 2024 | up 51.5% | volatile |
| 12 | Egypt | 5.6% | 2024 | down 32.0% | falling |
| 13 | Palestine | 5.1% | 2020 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 14 | Saudi Arabia | 5.0% | 2024 | down 51.9% | falling |
| 15 | Angola | 4.4% | 2024 | up 33.0% | volatile |
| 15 | Ukraine | 4.4% | 2024 | down 16.7% | volatile |
| 17 | United Arab Emirates | 3.4% | 2024 | down 34.6% | volatile |
| 18 | Colombia | 3.3% | 2024 | up 302.5% | volatile |
| 19 | Trinidad and Tobago | 3.0% | 2024 | down 19.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Netherlands | 3.0% | 2024 | up 15,000.0% | volatile |
| 21 | Qatar | 2.9% | 2024 | down 39.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Bahrain | 2.7% | 2024 | down 61.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Indonesia | 2.7% | 2024 | down 45.1% | falling |
| 24 | Bolivia | 2.6% | 2024 | down 57.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Brunei | 2.5% | 2024 | down 20.9% | volatile |
| 26 | Pakistan | 2.1% | 2024 | down 26.6% | volatile |
| 27 | South Africa | 2.1% | 2024 | up 159.3% | rising |
| 28 | Malaysia | 2.0% | 2024 | up 86.1% | volatile |
| 29 | Croatia | 1.9% | 2024 | up 926.3% | volatile |
| 30 | India | 1.8% | 2024 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 31 | Moldova | 1.8% | 2024 | up 273.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Ecuador | 1.7% | 2024 | down 69.3% | volatile |
| 32 | Sri Lanka | 1.7% | 2024 | up 282.2% | volatile |
| 34 | Syria | 1.4% | 2024 | down 82.2% | volatile |
| 35 | Argentina | 1.3% | 2024 | down 63.5% | flat |
| 36 | Norway | 1.3% | 2024 | down 60.1% | falling |
| 37 | Lebanon | 1.2% | 2024 | down 74.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Bangladesh | 1.1% | 2024 | down 16.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Greece | 1.1% | 2021 | down 26.4% | falling |
| 40 | Mexico | 1.0% | 2024 | up 15.3% | falling |
| 41 | Italy | 0.8% | 2023 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 41 | Japan | 0.8% | 2024 | up 962.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Slovakia | 0.8% | 2021 | up 290.5% | volatile |
| 44 | Portugal | 0.8% | 2024 | up 710.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Czechia | 0.8% | 2024 | up 492.3% | volatile |
| 45 | Vietnam | 0.8% | 2024 | up 63.8% | volatile |
| 47 | Ireland | 0.7% | 2024 | down 2.6% | falling |
| 48 | Brazil | 0.7% | 2024 | down 56.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Spain | 0.7% | 2024 | up 257.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Hungary | 0.6% | 2024 | up 106.5% | volatile |
| 51 | Belarus | 0.6% | 2024 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Ghana | 0.6% | 2024 | up 800.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Lithuania | 0.6% | 2022 | up 53.7% | rising |
| 54 | Nigeria | 0.6% | 2024 | down 43.5% | volatile |
| 55 | Tunisia | 0.6% | 2024 | down 79.6% | volatile |
| 56 | Latvia | 0.6% | 2024 | down 50.9% | falling |
| 57 | Australia | 0.5% | 2024 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 58 | Austria | 0.5% | 2024 | up 138.1% | volatile |
| 59 | China | 0.5% | 2024 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 60 | United Kingdom | 0.5% | 2020 | down 32.4% | falling |
| 61 | Romania | 0.4% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 61 | Suriname | 0.4% | 2024 | down 75.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Belgium | 0.4% | 2024 | down 6.7% | rising |
| 64 | Finland | 0.4% | 2024 | down 43.3% | falling |
| 64 | Mauritius | 0.4% | 2022 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 66 | Mongolia | 0.4% | 2024 | up 68.2% | volatile |
| 67 | Germany | 0.4% | 2023 | down 25.0% | falling |
| 68 | Mauritania | 0.3% | 2024 | down 55.7% | falling |
| 69 | Switzerland | 0.3% | 2024 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 70 | Thailand | 0.3% | 2024 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 71 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.3% | 2024 | down 97.6% | volatile |
| 72 | France | 0.3% | 2024 | up 30.4% | volatile |
| 72 | Slovenia | 0.3% | 2023 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 74 | Israel | 0.3% | 2024 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 75 | Oman | 0.3% | 2024 | up 36.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Costa Rica | 0.2% | 2023 | up 33.3% | rising |
| 76 | Denmark | 0.2% | 2024 | up 700.0% | volatile |
| 76 | Turkey | 0.2% | 2024 | down 70.0% | volatile |
| 79 | Chile | 0.2% | 2024 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 79 | Morocco | 0.2% | 2024 | down 47.5% | volatile |
| 79 | Maldives | 0.2% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 82 | Mali | 0.2% | 2024 | down 82.6% | volatile |
| 83 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.2% | 2024 | down 45.5% | volatile |
| 83 | Sweden | 0.2% | 2024 | down 52.6% | falling |
| 85 | Canada | 0.2% | 2024 | down 15.0% | falling |
| 86 | Afghanistan | 0.2% | 2024 | up 33.3% | volatile |
| 86 | Laos | 0.2% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 88 | Tajikistan | 0.1% | 2024 | down 97.1% | volatile |
| 89 | Estonia | 0.1% | 2024 | down 55.2% | volatile |
| 89 | Zimbabwe | 0.1% | 2024 | down 99.0% | volatile |
| 91 | Congo | 0.1% | 2024 | down 97.9% | volatile |
| 91 | Haiti | 0.1% | 2024 | down 91.2% | volatile |
| 91 | Jamaica | 0.1% | 2024 | up 33.3% | volatile |
| 91 | Liberia | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 95 | Burkina Faso | 0.1% | 2024 | down 91.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Bulgaria | 0.1% | 2020 | up 57.1% | rising |
| 95 | Paraguay | 0.1% | 2024 | down 21.4% | volatile |
| 98 | Jordan | 0.1% | 2024 | down 96.8% | volatile |
| 98 | Niger | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 98 | Somalia | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 101 | Armenia | 0.1% | 2020 | down 71.0% | volatile |
| 101 | Belize | 0.1% | 2024 | down 95.8% | volatile |
| 101 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 101 | Malta | 0.1% | 2023 | unchanged | flat |
| 101 | Myanmar | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 106 | Gabon | 0.1% | 2024 | down 93.3% | volatile |
| 107 | South Korea | 0.1% | 2024 | down 53.8% | volatile |
| 107 | Chad | 0.1% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 109 | Georgia | 0.1% | 2024 | up 25.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 94.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.4% | volatile |
| 110 | Cape Verde | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.8% | volatile |
| 110 | Macao | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 110 | Madagascar | 0.0% | 2024 | down 96.0% | volatile |
| 110 | New Zealand | 0.0% | 2024 | up 300.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Serbia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 110 | Zambia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.7% | volatile |
| 118 | Burundi | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 118 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 118 | Barbados | 0.0% | 2024 | down 78.6% | volatile |
| 118 | Botswana | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.0% | volatile |
| 118 | Guatemala | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.7% | volatile |
| 118 | Nicaragua | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.5% | volatile |
| 124 | Dominica | 0.0% | 2024 | down 75.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | down 50.0% | volatile |
| 124 | Guyana | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.4% | volatile |
| 124 | Cambodia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 124 | Saint Lucia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 129 | Cameroon | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.6% | volatile |
| 129 | Ethiopia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 99.1% | volatile |
| 129 | Grenada | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.7% | volatile |
| 129 | Honduras | 0.0% | 2024 | down 98.8% | volatile |
| 129 | Montenegro | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 129 | Panama | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.8% | volatile |
| 129 | Philippines | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 129 | Rwanda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 97.6% | volatile |
| 129 | Senegal | 0.0% | 2020 | down 99.6% | volatile |
| 129 | Sierra Leone | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 129 | United States | 0.0% | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 140 | Albania | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Benin | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Bahamas | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Comoros | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Djibouti | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Dominican Republic | 0.0% | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Fiji | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Hong Kong | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Kenya | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Lesotho | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Luxembourg | 0.0% | 2021 | down 100.0% | falling |
| 140 | North Macedonia | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Mozambique | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Malawi | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Namibia | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Nepal | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Sudan | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | El Salvador | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Eswatini | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Seychelles | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Togo | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Tonga | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Tanzania | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Uganda | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 140 | Uruguay | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Samoa | 0.0% | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 140 | Yemen | 0.0% | 2024 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 194 | Peru | -0.1% | 2023 | up 12.5% | volatile |
About this data
Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (%).